It was the drawing by gravity of iron atoms to the centre of...

It was the drawing by gravity of iron atoms to the centre of the primeval earth that generated the heat which caused the initial chemical differentiation of the earth, the outgassing of the early atmosphere, and ultimately the formation of the hydrosphere.

It is molten iron in the centre of the earth which, acting like a gigantic dynamo, generates the earth\u2019s magnetic field, which in turn creates the Van Allen radiation belts that shield the earth\u2019s surface from destructive high-energy-penetrating cosmic radiation and preserve the crucial ozone layer from cosmic ray destruction.\u201d \n \u201cWithout the iron atom, there would be no carbon-based life in the cosmos; no supernovae, no heating of the primitive earth, no atmosphere or hydrosphere.

There would be no protective magnetic field, no Van Allen radiation belts, no ozone layer, no metal to make haemoglobin [in human blood], no metal to tame the reactivity of oxygen, and no oxidative metabolism.

\n \u201cThe intriguing and intimate relationship between life and iron, between the red colour of blood and the dying of some distant star, not only indicates the relevance of metals to biology but also the bio-centricity of the cosmos\u2026\u201d [76] \n Darkness in the Sea: \n God Says in the Quran: Or like the darkness in the fathomless ocean, a wave covers it from above a wave, (and) from above it is a cloud; darkness on top of each other. When he holds out his hand, he almost cannot see it.

[24:40] \n The verse mentions the darkness found in deep seas and oceans which increases as a function of its depth, so if one stretches out his hand, he cannot see it. The darkness in a sea reaches to its peak at about 200 meters and below. At this depth, there is almost no light penetrating from the above sky. \n Sunlight starts to dimmish, with each water layer absorbs it along sea depth.

\n The amount of light that penetrates through seawater depends upon many factors including the time of day, season, geographic location and the clarity of the water.\u00a0 When light passes through water, it is absorbed and scattered by water molecules and particles in the water. As water depth increases, the longer (red) wavelengths are the first to be absorbed and scattered. By about 10 m below the surface, most of the red and orange wavelengths of visible light are no longer present.

A source of artificial light must be used to view reds and oranges. For this reason, many divers carry a torch even during the day.