وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبَىٰ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ {342:} And when We Said to the Angels: Perform Sajdah to Adam! So they (all) performed Sajdah except Iblees. He refused and was arrogant, and he was from the unbelievers [2:34] Introduction: Allah -azwj will Judge between them as per their intensions and deeds.
We present Shia perspectives in the short article rebutting the general belief that all those who pledged allegiance under the tree remained, until death, loyal to Allah -azwj and Islam. The Verse 48:18 was Revealed prior to the signing of the treaty of ‘ Hudaybiya’ , some Ahadith related to the incident are given in Appendix.
Briefly, the treaty of ‘ Hudaybiya ’ was a trial for Muslims, who after pledging allegiance to Rasool-Allah -saww under the tree, few hours ago, some of them were overcome with disbelief and started doubting the ‘prophet-hood’ of Rasool-Allah -saww when Rasool-Allah -saww agreed to conditions of the treaty (apparently unfavourable to Muslims).
As Allah -azwj Says for those who ‘believe and disbelieve’ in Surah An-Nisa (4:137): إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ ازْدَادُوا كُفْرًا لَمْ يَكُنِ اللَّهُ لِيَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ وَلَا لِيَهْدِيَهُمْ سَبِيلًا {1374:} Those who believe then commit Kufr, then believe, then commit Kufr, then increase in Kufr, it would not be for Allah to Forgive them nor Guide them to a way [4:137] Also Allah -azwj Says: وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ ۚ أَفَإِنْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَىٰ أَعْقَابِكُمْ ۚ وَمَنْ يَنْقَلِبْ عَلَىٰ عَقِبَيْهِ فَلَنْ يَضُرَّ اللَّهَ شَيْئًا ۗ وَسَيَجْزِي اللَّهُ الشَّاكِرِينَ {1443:} And Muhammad is not except for a Rasool; the Rasools have already passed away before him; so if he dies or is killed will you turn back upon your heels?
And the one who turns back upon his heels, he will never harm Allah of anything and Allah would be Recompensing the grateful [3:144] Allah -azwj Praises Bani Israel at several places in the Holy Quran: Allah -azwj Praises Bani Israel in the Holy Quran at several places, and even declares them the best Nation and Preferred them over the worlds.
Allah -azwj says : يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتِيَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَأَنِّي فَضَّلْتُكُمْ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ {472:} O Children of Israel!