It is based on this reason that the Bedouin Arabs of the...

It is based on this reason that the Bedouin Arabs of the ‘Age of Ignorance’ (Jahiliyah Period [2] ) could progress so much in sciences to such an extent of making remarkable societal and political changes in the Arab world and the remaining parts of the Islamic world. Muslim scholars have contributed greatly to human knowledge and scientific advancements in various fields.

For the unique and remarkable roles played by Muslim scholars over the centuries, they have been the pioneers of several scientific and intellectual advancements. It is unanimously agreed upon that there are over 750 verses in the Qur’an dealing with science (‘Ilm) or its related terms [3] . Likewise, several verses of the Qur’an enjoin human beings to study and reflect on nature. This is undoubtedly a Qur’anic approach to creating a conducive atmosphere for scientific inquiry.

While discussing the possessors of knowledge in the Qur’an, Allah says: “Say, ‘Are those who know equal to those who do not know?’ Only those who possess intellect take admonition [4] .” Therefore, the above verses regard those who awaken in the moment of affliction but then fall into forgetfulness as being among the ignorant. Thus, the true scholars are those who remain mindful of Him at all times [5] .

In this verse, Ayatollah Faqih Imani writes: “It is to be noted that the aforementioned rhetorical question and is regarded as one of the fundamental slogans of the Islamic faith bears testimony to the Glory of knowledge and the knowledgeable against the ignorant and with due consideration of its inclusivity, it is evident that the two groups are neither on a par at Divine Threshold nor from the viewpoint of the aware; they are far apart in this world and the Hereafter.

They are inwardly and outwardly unlike to one another [6] .” In another verse, Allah says: “Allah will raise in rank those of you who have faith and those who have been given knowledge, and Allah is well aware of what you do [7] .” Those who possess knowledge and learning should hold a high and esteemed position in an Islamic society [8] . Similarly, (PBUHH) was known to be a great patron and an advocator of knowledge and literacy as he encouraged Muslims to pursue various kinds of sciences [9] .

In one of his sayings, the ink of the scholars is considered holier and outweighs the blood of the martyrs [10] .