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History of Shia Jurisprudence and Jurisprudents 2 - Al-Shia The Scientific and Cultural Website of Shia belief History of Shia Jurisprudence and Jurisprudents 2 2023-02-07 734 Views History of Shia , Shia Jurists , Shia Jurisprudence In continuation of the article titled “History of Shia Jurisprudence and Jurists”, we shall mention other Shia jurists accordingly. Muhammad ibn Makki, known as Shahid Awal (“the First Martyr”), is one of the great Shia jurisprudents.

He is of the rank of Muhaqqiq Hilli and Allamah Hilli. He was from Jabal ‘Amel, an area in today’s south Lebanon which is one of the oldest centers of Shias and still is today a Shia area. Shahid Awwal was born in 734 A.H., and, in 786 A.H., according to the fatwa of a jurisprudent from the Maliki sect which was endorsed by a jurisprudent of the Shaf’i sect, he was martyred. He was a pupil of the pupils of Allamah Hilli, amongst them Allamah’s son, Fakhr ul-Muhaqqeqin.

The famous books of Shahid Awwal on jurisprudence include Al-Lum’ah which he composed during the brief period he remained in prison awaiting his martyrdom. Amazingly, this noble book was subject to a commentary two centuries later by another great jurisprudent who suffered the same fate as the author. He too was martyred and thus became called Shahid ath-Thani (“The Second Martyr”).

The famous book Sharh ul-Lum’ah which has been the primal textbook of the students of jurisprudence ever since is the commentary of Shahid th-Thani. Other books of Shahid Awwal include Durou , Thikra , Bayan , Alfiyeh , and Qawa’id . All of the books of the First Martyr are among the priceless writings of jurisprudence. Shahid Awwal came from a very distinguished family, and the generations that succeeded him preserved this honour.

He had three sons who were all ‘ulema and jurisprudents, and his wife and daughter were likewise jurisprudents. Shaykh Ali ibn Abul ul-Ala Karaki, known as Muhaqqiq Karaki or Muhaqqiq Thani. One of the Jabal ‘Amal jurisprudents and one of the greatest of the Shia jurisprudents. He perfected his studies in Syria and Iraq and then went to Iran and for the first time, the position of Shaykh ul-Islam went to Iran when it was entrusted to him.

The order that the ruling king of Iran (Shah Tahmaseb) wrote in Mutaqqiq Karaki’s name in which the king gave him complete control, declaring himself to be only his agent, is famous.