Alternative Theories One theory is to deny the first aspect...

Alternative Theories One theory is to deny the first aspect of a human being’s nature and assumes that the human being is a phenomenon in the whole creation like other phenomena. His freedom and freedom of choice are natural and determined. This theory was commonly believed among the French existentialists and Greek peripatetics.

A second theory is to exclude him from other natural creatures and assume him to be different in soul and body from the material world he lives in, but at the same time, ‘subdued by his determined destiny’. This belief is widely held among determinists. A third theory is to assume the human being as the one who is the base of society and such a society is nothing but a collection of people. Some Jewish philosophers and radical delegators ( Mufawwiḍhah ) have had ideas similar to this theory.

A fourth theory is to ignore the relation of God with the human being, disregard the human being’s dimensions from the beginning to eternity, and ignore his relationship with all other creatures in his creation, his role, and his destiny. This idea is held among the materialists and western philosophers who rose up against scholasticism and religious thoughts.

Most socialists and contemporary philosophers believe that nothing beyond matter and metaphysics should have any influence on objective creatures. If we accept one of these four theories, we will find ourselves against another type of humanity. 1.

Islam and Humanity The holy Qur’an emphasizes the full alignment of religion and humanity: So set your heart on the religion as a people of pure faith, the origination of Allah according to which He originated mankind; There is no altering Allah’s creation; that is the upright religion… (1) Also, the following hadith suggests that Islam is in harmony with human nature: “All the born are born with the God-given nature.” (2) When it is said that Islam means to surrender to God, it means whenever something or someone is put in its or his real position in creation, it or he will be a Muslim.

Thus, the position for which God has created human beings is to achieve humanity and the human being’s humanity equals his Islam, i.e., his level of submission to God. A human being is related to God, his own kind, nature, and the whole creation from that natural position. So, a human being’s Islam is his humanity. The holy Qur’an emphasizes the full alignment of religion and humanity.