If a fasting person does something that invalidates a fast –...

If a fasting person does something that invalidates a fast – other than having sexual intercourse or masturbating – and afterward he has sexual intercourse with his lawful partner, then giving one kaffārah is sufficient for both actions.

If a fasting person does something that is lawful but which invalidates a fast – for example, he drinks water – and afterward, he does something else that is unlawful and which invalidates a fast – for example, he eats unlawful food – then giving one kaffārah is sufficient. If a fasting person burps and something comes up in his mouth, then based on obligatory precaution, if he intentionally swallows it his fast is invalid and he must keep a qaḍāʾ fast and give kaffārah.

And if eating that thing is unlawful – for example, when burping, blood or some food-like substance that has lost the form of food reaches his mouth and he intentionally swallows it – it is better that he gives the ‘total kaffārah’ [3] .

If a fasting person breaks his fast based on the statement of someone who says it is Maghrib, despite the fact that he was not confident in the statement being true, and afterward he finds out that it was not Maghrib, or, if afterward, he doubts whether it is Maghrib or not [but still breaks his fasts], then in these cases, qaḍāʾ and kaffārah become obligatory on him. And if he believed that the person’s statement is authoritative, then only qaḍāʾ is necessary.

If a person is certain that it is the first day of the month of Ramadan and he intentionally invalidates his fast, and afterward it becomes known that it was actually the last day of Shaʿbān, kaffārah is not obligatory on him. However, if a person doubts whether it is the last day of Ramadan or the first of Shawwāl and he intentionally invalidates his fast, and afterward it becomes known that it was the first of Shawwāl, kaffārah is not obligatory on him [4] .

If a fasting man in the month of Ramadan has sexual intercourse with his wife who is fasting. If he had compelled his wife to do so, he must give kaffārah for invalidating his fast; and based on obligatory precaution, he must give kaffārah for invalidating his wife’s fast as well. And if his wife consented to having sexual intercourse, one kaffārah becomes obligatory on each of them [5] .

If a woman compels her fasting husband to have sexual intercourse with her, it is not obligatory for her to give kaffārah for invalidating her husband’s fast.