The siege tactics employed by Muslim ibn Uqba included...

The siege tactics employed by Muslim ibn Uqba included cutting off supply lines and launching continuous attacks to wear down the defenders’ morale and capacity to resist. Ultimately, the Umayyad forces breached the city’s defenses. What followed was a brutal sack of Medina, with significant atrocities committed against the civilian population. The city was plundered, and many of its inhabitants were killed or subjected to harsh reprisals.

Consequences of the Battle Casualties and Loss of Life: The Battle of al-Harra resulted in significant loss of life among the civilian population of Medina. Contemporary sources describe the battle as particularly brutal, with many civilians caught in the crossfire. Estimates of the death toll vary, but it is widely acknowledged that thousands of Medinese were killed during and after the battle, including 700…