Therefore...

Therefore, the realization of resistance, like any other social phenomenon, requires social infrastructures that typically develop over a relatively long period. For example, the emergence of Ayatollah Khomeini as a symbol of Islamic Resistance against global arrogance in the past century was the product of a long history involving dozens of Islamic awakening movements. Without such a history and movements in another place, one should not expect the emergence of another “Khomeini”.

On this basis, one can accept the correctness of Rached Ghannouchi’s claim that comparing himself to Imam Khomeini would be incorrect, for Tunisia’s historical background differs significantly from that of Iran. Additionally, because factors such as publicity, reputation, and legal status play a determining role in the social domain, even strong ideological foundations of resistance cannot become a social movement unless they enjoy adequate social acceptance.

The Relationship Between Islamic Resistance and Related Religious Concepts When adapting Islamic concepts to various human cultures, the discussion becomes sociological. An example of this is the transformation of the phrase “legal jihad” into the concept of “civil resistance” . Yet nearly all scholars who have spoken or written about Islamic jihad have understood jihad in the Quran and traditions as a form of “hard and manifest struggle” .

[1] Some jurists, without making any distinction, have used the term “fiqh of defensive jihad” interchangeably with “fiqh of resistance” . [2] This means that all the rulings of defensive jihad can be applied to the Resistance front. However, replacing the concept of jihad entirely and permanently with the concept of resistance would diminish or restrict many of the capacities found within this religious term.

The Relationship Between Islamic Resistance and Related Religious Currents A theoretical reflection on the concept and instance of Islamic Resistance and clarifying its relationship with other related Islamic concepts, is necessary because it distinguishes its conceptual and theoretical boundaries from alternative or distorted models of Islam. Takfiri Currents Islamic Resistance differs from Takfiri movements in two fundamental ways.

First, Takfiri movements follow a negational approach aimed at excluding others, whereas Islamic Resistance adopts an affirmative approach focused on affirming and establishing its own identity.