Throughout history...

Throughout history, prominent Shia scholars have emphasized that Islam is defined by the testimony of faith—the Shahādatayn . The essence of Islam lies in confessing the oneness of God and the prophethood of Muhammad, not in agreement on every doctrinal point. Accordingly, all those who affirm the Shahādatayn and do not deny any essential of religion are regarded as Muslims by all juridical schools, with their life, property, and honor protected and under the safeguard of the Islamic state.

In modern times, leading Shia authorities have reaffirmed this stance. They consistently warn against Takfīr as a destructive act that divides Muslims. The Shia perspective on Takfīr thus represents an enduring call for balance and inclusion:…