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Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Islam and Nationalism Part Three: Definition, Basis and Characteristics of Nationalism Definition of Nationalism 'Patriotism' is the equivalent of nationalism. In Latin, 'natio' and 'nitus' means 'the place of birth'. Political scientists have given different definitions of nationalism.

Carlton Hayes says: “A nation is an independent political group with a common world-view and cultural heritage[^1].” In this definition, a common political organization and cultural unity are considered as the main factors in forming a nation. Hans Kohn says: “The co-existence of a special group in a single realm is the factor for forming a nation. Being brought up in a natural and geographical environment creates the greatest unit of tribal solidarity between individuals.

The group which on this basis feels a joint interest and expediency, forms a nation[^2].” Luigo says: “A nation is a collection of individuals who are joined together by the factor of territory, blood, language, culture or history[^3].” Salo Baron describes a nation as follows[^4]: “The word 'nation' is applied to a group of people who live in the same land and are joined together by common political organizations.” Kohn says of the characteristics of nationalism[^5]: “A deep feeling of attachment to a homeland and absolute loyalty to it, and a sense of sharing its destiny are the basis of nationalism, which is genuine when no other factor checks the loyalty to the homeland.” The American Encyclopedia defines nationalism as follows: “Loyalty and attachment to a national unity are more significant than any other attachment in the question of nationalism.

Other characteristics of nationalism are pride in the achievements of one's nation, a deep belief in the distinction of one's nation and even its superiority over other nations."[^6] Hayes, too, repeats, the same point and writes: “Loyalty and attachment to the interior of the group (namely the nation and homeland) are the basis of nationalism[^7].” An analysis of the above definitions clarifies two points: A) Giving authenticity to territory, blood or language is the basis of nationalism.

Instead of basing unity on belief and ideology, nationalism bases it on language, territory and race. Homeland and nationality become the axis of patriotism.