Thus, each group formed a definite sect that adopted certain...

Thus, each group formed a definite sect that adopted certain secondary laws inferred by a special plan of legislation.”[^4] From the previous citation, we conclude that the multiplicity of the centers of giving legal opinions created the disagreements of opinions and Ijtihad. Such a disagreement would possibly occur among the Sahabah or between the caliph and them. Shedding light on this point, Dr.

Madkur says, “The Ijtihad of the Sahabah was not restricted to analogy; rather it included all the aspects of opinion where they rested upon intuition, nature, and observance of the spirit of the Islamic legislation in addition to a perfect recognition of the rational foundation of opinions and its role in the formation of the religious laws. Hence, when they practiced Ijtihad, they were fully aware of what they were doing.

Nevertheless, the aspects of their Ijtihad were miscellaneous; some depended upon analogy, others depended upon the identification of the advantage and so on. The same thing can be said about the rational sources that were given terminological titles later on. It is natural that the Ijtihad that is based upon personal opinions results in disagreements in the viewpoints and variety in the verdicts.

When the Muslim jurisprudents separated in the various regions of the Islamic State, they formed the core of the various trends…