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Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books The Prohibition of Recording the Hadith, Causes and Effects The Perpetuity Of Opinionism And Ijtihad During The Reign Of Mu`awiyah Let us now pursue the perpetuity of the trend of Opinionism and Ijtihad—the trend invented by Abu-Bakr and `Umar—during the reigns of Mu`awiyah ibn Abi-Sufyan and the rulers who came after him.

We have previously cited, as has been recorded in Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal , that it has been narrated that Mu`awiyah ibn Abi-Sufyan (during his reign) said, “O People: reduce reporting from Messenger of Allah; and when you do, you must report traditions that were known during the reign of `Umar.”[^1] It has been also narrated that al-Yahsubiy said that he once heard Mu`awiyah ibn Abi-Sufyan saying to the publics, “Beware of spreading the Hadith except those that were known during the reign of `Umar ibn al-Khattab for this man used to threaten people for the sake of Almighty Allah.”[^2] Similarly, it has been narrated on the authority of Ibn `Adiy that Isma`il ibn `Ubaydullah confirmed that Mu`awiyah (ibn Abi-Sufyan) warned people against circulating any tradition that is reported from the Holy Prophet excluding these which were known during the reign of `Umar and admitted by him.[^3] It has been narrated on the authority of Muhammad ibn `Abdullah that during the season of the Hajj attended by Mu`awiyah ibn Abi-Sufyan, Sa`d ibn Abi-Waqqas, and al-Dahhak ibn Qays[^4] discussed the issue of connecting the Hajj to the `Umrah.

Al-Dahhak said, “Only those who have no knowledge in the rulings of Almighty Allah will connect the Hajj to the `Umrah.” Answering him, Sa`d said, “You are totally wrong, brother.” Al-Dahhak replied, “Indeed, `Umar ibn al-Khattab prevented such!” Sa`d said, “But the Messenger of Allah did it, and we followed him on it.”[^5] Narrating the same report, al-Darimiy confirmed that Sa`d ibn Abi-Waqqas answered al-Dahhak ibn Qays by saying, “`Umar is better than I am; but the Holy Prophet did it; and certainly he is better than `Umar ibn al-Khattab.”[^6] Al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Fihiry al-Qirashiy, the tyrant, imitated `Uthman ibn `Affan in the prevention from the temporary marriage, and `Uthman had imitated `Umar ibn al-Khattab.