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Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books The Prohibition of Recording the Hadith, Causes and Effects The Rulers And The Jurisprudential Normalization Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi`iy, in his book of Kitab al-Umm , has recorded on the authority of `Ubayd ibn Rafa`ah that when Mu`awiyah ibn Abi-Sufyan, the ruler, came to al-Madinah, he led the congregational prayer in which he neither recited “ Bism-illahir-rahmanir-rahim (In the Name of Allah, the All-compassionate the All-merciful)” nor said “Allahu-Akbar ” whenever he prostrated himself or stood up.

When he finished the prayer, the Muhajirun and Ansar shouted at him, “Mu`awiyah! Have you stolen your prayer? Where is the Basmalah and the Takbir ?” He therefore led another prayer in which he performed the things that he had missed in his first prayer.

He then said, “Now, this prayer comprises the things for the missing of which they have criticized me!”[^1] It has been also narrated on the authority of Anas ibn Malik that when Mu`awiyah ibn Abi-Sufyan visited the holy city of al-Madinah, he led a congregational prayer in which he recited the Basmalah for the Surah of al-Fatihah but did not recite it for the other Surah. He also did not recite Takbir when he prostrated himself and when he stood for the other Rak`ahs.

When he finished, all the Muhajirun shouted from everywhere, “Mu`awiyah! Have you stolen the prayer or you forgotten it?” Hence, when he led another prayer, he recited the Basmalah and the Takbir .[^2] It has been narrated that al-Zuhriy, a grand Sunnite jurisprudent and a founder of a school of Sunnite jurisprudence, said, “`Amr ibn Sa`id ibn al-`Ās was the first to recite the Basmalah with inaudible voice (during the ritual congregational prayers) in al-Madinah.”[^3] Commenting on al-Zuhriy’s previous narration, al-Fakhr al-Raziy says, `Amr ibn Sa`id ibn al-`Ās became the governor of al-Madinah during the reign of Yazid ibn Mu`awiyah.

Hence, many people followed him in the matter of canceling the Basmalah in the ritual prayers. In this respect, Yahya ibn Ju`dah, referring to the cancellation of the Basmalah , says, “Satan could steal a verse from the leaders of the congregational prayers.” Al-Zuhriy has also said about the same matter, “The people have neglected a verse from the Holy Book of Almighty Allah.” Mujahid has also said about the same matter, “The people have forgotten the actual matter that was followed in the past.