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Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Ultimate Questions in Philosophy of Religion Chapter 13: Monotheism, the Common Word Unity of God is the common word of all prophets. It is the essential part of all the divine religions. But why there is only One God? Why can't be a company of gods creating and governing the universe?! You will also learn that the Christian doctrine of Trinity is incompatible with Monotheism.

This chapter aims at introducing the most fundamental aspect of all divine religions, a foundation on which all other religious issues stands; a touchstone by which everything else must be attested. As a matter of fact, believing in God, requires His unity. In other words, if there is a Creator and Sustainer for the universe, He must be One and only One.

Thus, even those who supposedly believe in more than one god, they attempt to unify them to one godhead, and hence plurality of god has no logic. Proofs of unity of God 1) Infinite Being This proof is suggested by Mulla Sadra. The similar concept of it is also suggested by Aquinas, St Thomas (1225-1274), the Angelic Doctor and the Prince of Scholastics Italian philosopher and theologian. Premise 1: God is necessary infinite. Premise 2: There is no plurality in an infinite being.

Thus: There is no possible plurality in godhead. God is necessarily infinite. If several were to exit, none of them would be really infinite, for, it is impossible to have more than one infinite being. The reason being, each should have some perfection not possessed by the others. In other words, there must be an end for the existence of one of them, so that there would be a room for the other to exist, which results in finite of them.

For instance, if A & B were to owe a farm, then each one must owe only a limited piece of land. But if A or B owns a farm which covers the entire Earth, then there is no room for the other to owe anything. God is necessarily infinite Being, which means His existence is limitless and hence no room for any other to exist. Therefore, the essence of Godhead necessitates His Unity.

The Holy Quran referring to this proof states: “ Allah bears witness that there is no god but Him ” [^1] or: “ He is the First and the Last, the Appearance, and the Hidden ” Why God is necessarily infinite? At least for the following three reasons, we understand that god is infinite. Finite means limitation and limitation mean god is limited in existence, knowledge, power, etc.