The factor of heredity both from his father and mother...

The factor of heredity both from his father and mother, had its full play in the issue of Abu Sofyan and Hind, and Ma'aviah, now after the departure of Ali from this world, had become an open enemy of the Ahlul Bait. We are not here to go into the dirty details of the political history of the age, and all the intrigues and the crafty moves of the ruling authorities, employed to strengthen their hold on the state and the people.

Only a few events directly connected with the miseries of the Ahlul Bait, are referred to, to indicate the treachery of the people against the House of the Apostle of God and the attitude of the Holy Ones during the calamitous age, towards the guidance of the people at the cost of their own lives. Hasan was the eldest son of Ali and Fatema, and the First grandson of the Holy Prophet.

The muslim world in Madina had seen Hasan and Husain on the shoulders of the Apostle of God on the morn of the festival day, and in the lap of the Holy Prophet on the occasion of the historic ' Mobahila', had declared "Hasan and Husain are the Chiefs of the youth of Paradise and these were the two for whom had been sent festive robes from heaven.

Inspite of all that the Holy Prophet had declared about these two holy souls, the world had turned totally hostile to them, and was bent on putting an end to their godly lives on earth.

Not only did Ma'aviah aim at owning the paramount power of the Kalifate or the rule of the muslim empire as a whole, exclusively for himself, but wanted also to have his way cleared off the holy ones of the Ahlul-Bait to perpetuate the kingdom in his family, passing the throne of the Kalifate to his son Yazeed, for which he employed several kinds of crafty means and men.

Ma'aviah, now being openly hostile to the House of the Apostle of God, hired mercenaries to cause mischief in the different parts of the empire. The intelligentsia among the subjects including the iurists had been purchased by the state, hence the question of winning over the general masses was not a problem. Corruption began to rule the destiny of man. People opposing the corruption were plundered and mercilessly massacred.

There was no safety or security of life or property particularly of those who were loyal to the House of the Holy Prophet, who called themselves the Shias or the devotees of the Ahlul- Bait. Preachers were ordered to curse Ali openly in their sermons from the pulpits. The mischievous move from Ma'aviah, became more and more intolerable.