In other words...

In other words, all God's creatures are evils in the sense that they are more or less imperfect. (Mulla Sadra, 1981, p.58) 10 However, Mulla Sadra reminds us very soon that this is not the sense which is usually meant in the philosophical discussions on evil.11 Evil, in the second sense, "… consists in the nonexistence of an object or the nonexistence of one of its perfections which is peculiar to it inasmuch as it is that certain object….

Therefore, philosophers said that evil lacks any [existent] essence, it is instead a nonexistent entity which consists in either the nonexistence of an object or of its perfection." (Ibid) This second sense is what Sadra's predecessors had in mind when they talked about evils.

We may call this view about the nature of evils "the theory of the nonexistent nature of evil" (henceforth: TNNE )12 It is fair to note here that TNNE should never considered as equal to the aforementioned view which says that evils are nothing except dreams and illusions. According to TNNE , evils are real as well as goods but their very natures are nonexistential and negative.

Thus, the blindness and ignorance are realities and TNNE 's claim is just that philosophical analysis shows that they are nonexistent realities. Previous…