This meant that logic could be used in forensic reasoning...

This meant that logic could be used in forensic reasoning: We shall make known to you that speculation in juristic matters ( al-fiqhiyyât ) is not distinct from speculation in philosophical matters ( al-‘aqliyyât ) in terms of its composition, conditions, or measures, but only in terms of where it takes its premises from (Ghazâlî (1961) Mi‘yâr 28.2-4). Ghazali tended to an even stronger position towards the end of his life: more than being merely harmless, logic was necessary for true knowledge.

However for all his historical importance in the process of introducing logic into the madrasa, the logic that Ghazâlî defended was too dilute to be recognizably Farabian or Avicennan. AI-Ghaziili's position was…