Thus, no causal uniformity in nature was inherently possible...

Thus, no causal uniformity in nature was inherently possible For Muslims Greek logic was initially a means to defend metaphysical doctrines but the scope of logic was expanded to jurisprudence and language. All of this was attempted under the questionable notion that logic could remain doctrinally neutral and, at the same time, could be used to the advantage and defense of religion. Eventually, the supposed neutrality of logic was vehemently called into question.

The use of analogy formed part of the Qur'anically derived juridical system. Complications arose once the syllogism was introduced. Suddenly, metaphysical assumptions were questioned; this gave rise to the ambiguous relationship between analogy and the syllogism especially when attempting to define qiyas. A variety of arguments surrounds this term and its translation into "analogy": "Qiyiis thus cannot be given the fixed definition of analogy.

Instead, it should be regarded as a relative term whose definition and structure vary from one jurist to another." Qiyiis, denotes a way of inferring something from another, and is derived from the logical sciences which embrace both the syllogism and analogy. The concern here is to determine the central method by which juridical qiyas was endowed with "a wider definition as to include formal arguments".…