The former is marked by the definitions of Intellect...

The former is marked by the definitions of Intellect, Nature and Soul, followed by definitions of body (jirm), Greation (ibda), Matter (hayula). Form (surah), etc. Thus al-Kindi conceived an upper world of uncreated spiritual beings and a lower of created corporeal beings. The soul is an un-created, spiritual being, whereas Matter, Time and Place are finite, created and corporeal. Creation (ibda) in this Muslim context is Creation from nothing in time.

28 Both worlds, the upper and the lower one, go finally back to one and the same source which is the common cause of everything. From this final source which is the Godhead everything proceeds subsequently by hypostases. In his treatise On Definitions and Descriptions of Things al-Kindi explained the world through emanation, a system that later was adopted and enlarged also al-Farabi. 29 The…