He had a major role in victory of the Muslims, being far ahead of other battlers.

He had a major role in victory of the Muslims, being far ahead of other battlers.[^7] During his prophetic mission, the Prophet of Islam (S) gave two important duties to Imam Ali (a.s.); first, writing and colleting the Quranic verses (ayat) and chapters (surahs), and second, learning and maintaining religious sciences, teachings, commandments, and rules revealed to (S). Ali (a.s.) accomplished these two responsibilities very well by Allah’s support and under direct supervision of (S).

Imam ‘Ali After ’s Demise Imam Ali (a.s.) was thirty three at the demise of prophet of Islam (S). The Messenger of Allah (S) had frequently announced Ali’s (a.s.) Imamate and caliphate after himself during his lifetime. Therefore, after the Prophet (S)’s demise, the caliphate position was transmitted to Imam Ali (a.s.); he was the Prophet (S)’s successor and the people were obliged to prepare the conditions for his caliphate.

Unfortunately, however, a group of ambitious people ignored (S)’s recommendations, abandoned Ali (a.s.) for illogical excuses, such as young age, and took the oath of allegiance with Abu Bakr. After Abu Bakr, ‘Umar got the caliph and after him ‘Uthman. The caliphate of the three of them lasted twenty four years and some months. During this period, though Imam Ali (a.s.) knew caliphate as his legitimate right, he avoided any severe opposition or schismatic speech in order to safeguard Islam.

Furthermore, he helped the government officials when necessary, giving them consultation and scientific-cultural assistance. He also attempted in propagating authentic Islamic sciences and teachings and training virtuous perfect Muslims. In the year thirty five after hijrah, ‘Uthman was killed during the riot of a group of Muslims.

The Muslims, afterward, enthusiastically and urgently took the oath of allegiance with Ali Ibn Abi Talib (a.s.), selecting him as the caliph and Imam.[^8] From then on, caliphate of the Muslims found its real course and it was hoped that previous losses and problems be compensated and the Prophet (S)’s authentic goals be pursued under Imam Ali’s (a.s.) leadership and by cooperation of (S)’s sincere companions. Nevertheless, this was not accomplished.

Imam Ali’s (a.s.) justice, opposition with prejudices, and following (S)’s tradition was not liked by a group of opportunists.