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Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Imamate and The Imams The Fourth Imam: ‘Ali ibn Husayn Birth and Martyrdom According to some traditions, Imam Ali Ibn Husayn (a.s.) was born on the fifteenth of Jamadul ‘ula’ in the year thirty one or thirty six A.H.

in Medina.[^1] His father was Husayn Ibn Ali (a.s.) and his mother, based on some narrations, was Shahrbanu, daughter of Yazdgird (Iranian King).[^2] His nicknames were Abul Hasan, Abul Qasim, Abu Muhammad, Abu Bakr, and his most famous titles were Ziynul ‘abidin, Ziynus Salihin, and Sajjad.[^3] According to some traditions, he was martyred on twelfth of Muharram in the year ninety four A.H. in Medina and his holy body was buried in Baqi’ cemetery.

Imam Ali Ibn Husayn (a.s.) lived fifty seven years in this world. When he was two years old, his grandfather Ali Ibn Abi Talib (a.s.) was martyred. He then experienced the Imamate of his uncle, Imam Hasan (a.s.) for ten years. On ‘ashura of the year sixty one A.H., when his father was martyred, Imam Ali Ibn Husayn (a.s.) was twenty two.

He lived thirty five years –his Imamate age– after his father.[^4] Texts Proving His Imamate In addition to general reasons for Imamate of the twelve infallible Imams (a.s.), certain specific reasons are pointed out for proving the Imamate of Ali Ibn Husayn (a.s.), some of which are quoted here from his father, Imam Husayn (a.s.). Abu Bakr Hazrami has narrated from Imam Sadiq (a.s.), “When Husayn Ibn Ali (a.s.) was going to travel to Iraq, he gave a book and a will to Umm Salamah.

When Ali Ibn Husayn (a.s.) returned from Karbala to Medina, Umm Salamah gave the trusts to him.”[^5] Fuzayl Ibn Yasar has narrated from Imam Muhammad Baqir (a.s.), “When Imam Husayn (a.s.) was going to Iraq, he gave a book, his will, and some other things to Umm Salamah, (S)’s wife, and said, ‘When my eldest son comes to you, give these to him.’ After Imam Husayn’s (a.s.) martyrdom, his son Ali went to Umm Salamah and took the trusts.” [^6] Abul Jarud has quoted from Imam Muhammad Baqir (a.s.), “Imam Husayn (a.s.) called his daughter, Fatimah, before his martyrdom and gave her a wrapped book and an open will.

At that time, Ali Ibn Husayn (a.s.) was very sick. Later, Fatimah gave him the book. By Allah that the book is now with us.” Abul Jarud asked, “What is in this book?” Imam Baqir (a.s.) answered, “Whatever the people need exists in the book.