[^24] The third critique perhaps comes nearer to the idear of phronesis...

[^24] The third critique perhaps comes nearer to the idear of phronesis, with a reflexive judgement on reason, as Heidegger points out and Gadamer reiterates, but so far it has been impossible to follow this line. In this regard, see Chateau, J. (ed.) (1997) La vérité pratique (Paris: Vrin), p. 251 n. [^1]: [^25] Kuhn, T. (1977) The essential tension: selected studies in scientific tradition and change (Chicago: University of Chicago Press), p.

[^331]: [^26] Ethica Nicomachea (EN) 1140b 4 et seq.; see also 1140b 20 et seq. I take aristotelian texts in their english translation from Ross, W.D. and Smith, J.A. (eds.) (1908-1952) The Works of Aristotle Translated into English (Oxford: Clarendon Press). [^27] On Aristotelian prudence, see Bodéüs, R. (1993) The Political Dimensions of Aristotle’s Ethics (Albany, NY: S.U.N.Y. Press), pp. 27-[^30]: An extensive monograph on EN VI may be seen in Chateau, J.

(ed.) (1997) La vérité pratique, (Paris: Vrin). For the understanding of Book VI of EN, an indispensable work is Aubenque, P. (1963 [new edition, 1993]) La prudence chez Aristote, (Paris: P.U.F.). The chapter by Emilio Lledó on Aristotle’s practical philosophy, in Camps, V. (ed.) (1988) Historia de la ética (Barcelona: Crítica), is also very helpful. [^28] EN 1140a 23-[^24]: [^29] EN 1143b 10-[^13]: [^30] EN 1141b [^21]: [^31] EN 1141a 26-[^28]: [^32] EN 1144a 1 et seq. [^33] EN 1106b 36 et seq.

[^34] EN 1138b [^22]:25. [^35] EN 1142a [^12]:21. [^36] EN 1144a 35-[^36]: [^37] See also EN X [^9]: [^38] EN 1143b [^4]: [^39] EN 1137b 18-[^19]: [^40] Aristotle deals with equity in EN V [^10]: [^41] EN 1137b 13-[^15]: [^42] EN 1107a 27-[^31]: [^43] EN 1142a 34 et seq. [^44] EN 1139a 26 et seq. [^45] Aubenque: op. cit., p. [^19]: [^46] EE 1244b [^24]:26; EN 1178b 18-19. [^47] EN 1178b 34 et seq.

[^48] EN 1139b 4-[^6]: [^49] Nobody denies the existence of methods, in the plural, and standardized guidelines in science, as they exist, indeed, in any other human activity, however little developed, including the purely artistic ones. These methods, as Chateau (1997) suggests, are in the hands of prudence and out of its hands they were born (Aristotle said that the hand was the instrument of instruments).

There are methods for gathering statistical data, for carrying out pharmaceutical controls and for designing experiments with particles or proteins.