Before Islam he was the leader of one of the revealed religions in Medina.

Before Islam he was the leader of one of the revealed religions in Medina. When the Messenger of Allah (s) was chosen as a leader for all of Medina, Ibn ?A-mir's position collapsed. He fled Medina for Mecca in fear of retaliation for the sabotages he committed. Then, after Mecca was overtaken by the Muslims, he fled to Rome. He was the leader of Masjid al-Dhara-r which is mentioned in Su-rah Tawbah: 70. A group of people joined the coalition of hypocrites after the conquest of Mecca.

These are the enemies of Islam who pretended to become Muslim when Islam spread throughout Arabia. They never relinquished the grudge they had for Islam. One of the leaders of this group was Abu Sufya-n, a member of the Ummayah tribe. In a strategic time, he confessed his disbelief in Islam and professed his belief in polytheism.

Abu Sufya-n said in an Ummayah tribal meeting held at ?Uthma-n's house during the first few days of the third caliph's reign: “The position of leadership has reached you after Ti-m and ?Uday (The tribes of the first two caliphs). Play with it like a ball under your feet and only pass it along to members of the Ummayah tribe. This caliphate is what is meant by governing mankind.

I have never believed in Heaven or Hell.”[^3] During ?Uthma-n's reign, Abu Sufya-n kicked Hamza's grave as he passed by it and said: “Oh Abu ?Ama-rah (Hamza's nickname)! The government that we were fighting against yesterday, the government that we tried to destroy by the sword, is now in the hands of our youth.

They play with it like they play with a ball.”[^4] Abu Sufya-n tried to cause disagreement amongst the Muslims when Abu Bakr became the caliph by trying to incite ?Ali- (a) to stand up against the caliph.

The Commander of the Faithful was aware of Abu Sufya-n's evil intentions and told him: “You have been an enemy of Islam and the Muslims from day one.” ?Ali- (a) not only did not shake Abu Sufya-n's hand when he stretched it out as a phony swear of allegiance, but he also turned his back towards him.