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Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books History of Western Philosophy 4.10.2 a Return To Idealism: Arthur Schopenhauer [1788-1860] Thing-in-itself is will 4.10.3 Gustav Theodor Fechner [1801 1887] Pan psychism: the entire universe and its strata of various scales [micro to macro] contain minds 4.10.4 Rudolf Hermann Lotze [1817 1881] Bridged the gap between classical German philosophy and 20th-century idealism Reconciled: monism pluralism: mechanism teleology; realism idealism; pantheism theism.

"Theistic idealism"included in his objective: to do justice to the ethical-religious idealism of Fichte and the scientific interpretation of natural phenomena ["A thinker well-fitted by training and temperament to re-establish philosophy" after the realistic reaction to Hegelian idealism.] 4.10.5 Friedrich Albert Lange [1828 1875] German Neo-Kantian and Socialist, wrote Geschichte des Materialismus und Kritik seiner Bedeutung in der Gegenwart [1866; History of Materialism] in which he refuted materialism.

4.10.6 Wilhelm Wundt [1832 1920] Knowledge flows from the facts of consciousness 4.10.7 Friedrich Nietzsche [1844-1900] Will to power: the active principle 4.10.8 Rudolf Christoph Eucken [1846 1926] German Idealist philosopher, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature [^1908], interpreter of Aristotle, and author of works in ethics and religion Universal spirited process forms the ground of all being 4.10.9 Wilhelm Windelbland [1848 1915] A historian of philosophy who did not systematically expound his views but expressed them in unconnected essays.

📌He regarded himself as in the tradition of German idealism but did not see himself as Neo-Kantian, Neo-Fichtean or Neo-Hegelian. His main position was that whereas science determines facts, philosophy determines values a system of philosophy in which value has a central role. 4.10.10Ernst Cassirer [1874-1945] Noted for his analysis of cultural values. Cassirer felt it necessary to revise Kantianianism to include a wider range of human experience. Die Philosophie der symbolischen Formen, 3 vol.

[192329; The Philosophy of Symbolic Forms], is an examination of mental images and functions of the mind that underlie every manifestation of human culture.

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