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Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books History of Western Philosophy 2 Greek Philosophy 2.1 RELIGIOUS ORIGINS OF GREEK PHILOSOPHY Two aspects of Greek religion are selected for their significance: Anthropomorphic religion of the gods of Olympus made familiar by the Homeric epicsGods exhibit, on a most majestic scale, human passions and concern for the affairs of human beings.

The Homeric conception of the Gods as subject to fate may have contributed to the attitude of mind that produced the first Greek philosophy: the Milesian natural philosophy of the sixth century BCE Religious revival of sixth century BCE associated with mystery cults.

Mystery cults local forms of gods: symbolizing individualismthe Dionysian cults join with the Orphic: doctrine of the immortal soul and its transmigrationperhaps incline toward philosophy especially metaphysics and especially to religiously oriented philosophies of Pythagoreans, of Parmenides and of Heraclitus. 2.2 GREEK PHILOSOPHY: ORIGINS 2.2.1 Early Greek philosophy 2.2.1.1 Problem of Substance [Metaphysics] and The Philosophy of Nature Thales c.

[624-550 BCE]: water is original stuff [possible observation: nourishment, heat, seed, contain moisture], out of water everything comes but Thales does not indicate how Anaximander c. [611-547 BCE]: the essence or principle of things is the infinite a mixture, intermediate between observable elements, from which things arise by separation; moisture leads to living thingsAll animals and humans were originally a fish.

All return to the primal mass to be produced anew Cosmology: physical: sphere of fire leads to eternal motion: separation: hot, cold leads to hot, surrounds cold on a sphere of flame: heat: cold leads to moisture leads to air: fire leads to rings with holes: heavenly bodies: sun [farthest], moon, planets Anaximines [588-524 BCE]: first principle is definite: air; it is infinite.

From air all things arise by rarefaction and condensation a scientific observation These three philosophers Thales, Anaximander and Anaximines, of Miletus, represent advance from qualitative-subjective to quantitative-scientific explanation of modes of emergence of being from a primary substance Pythagorean School: Pythagoras of Samos [c. 575-500 BCE]. The Pythagorean School was concerned less with substance than with the form and relation of things.

Numbers are the principles of things number mysticism.