This doorkeeper would move and walk and deal with...

This doorkeeper would move and walk and deal with gatecrashers who did not obey the protocols for visiting a minister. In sum, J"bir ibn .ayy"n had a far-reaching influence on many modern inventions, and this age is indebted to him for his laying the foundations of Chemistry. NaN:r al-D:n al-ھYs: was the founder of the famous astronomical observatory at Mar"gheh. He produced some original ideas about astronomical bodies and critiqued the Ptolemaic system in a scientific manner.

He was the first to lay down the science of triangles and because of this he is considered by the west to be the founder of the science of missiles. He had many new and useful ideas in all other fields of mathematics. He also invented the new equipment which was used in the observatory to great effect. Shaykh Bah"v al-D:n al-!wmil: (d. 1622 C.E.) discovered laws relating to sound waves which he put into use in some mosques in Isfahan, Iran.

He also made use of the laws of water pressure and surface tension in the Fayn gardens in Kashan, Iran. He laid down new principles in Arithmetic. There are many other Sh:!a scholars and thinkers whose lifestories may be found in the relevant literature. of the Prophet As was mentioned previously, the Sh:!a believe that the Prophet Mu9ammad (N) appointed twelve successors to come after him and made it mandatory for the Islamic nation to follow them and learn from them and refer to them.

He said in a well known tradition: ‘My successors will be twelve in number.’196 He also said: ‘I am leaving with ye the two weighty things (thaqalayn); the book of Alla>h, and my family; the people of my house().

As long as you adhere to these two you will never go astray after me ever’.197 These successors as appointed by the Prophet (N) in the tradition of J"bir ibn !Abdull"h al-AnN"r: and others are in the following order as in the table below, together with the dates of their births and deaths and the location of their graves. The names of the other two of the fourteen inerrant ones – the Prophet Mu9ammad (N) and his daughter F"Uima (a.s.) are included.

The twelve Imams and F"Uima al-Zahr"v (a.s.) the foremost of the women of the worlds (Sayyidato-Nis"’ al-!wlamin) the daughter of the Prophet are all like the great Prophet Mu9ammad (N) as regards knowledge and wisdom, virtue and morals, purity and inerrancy, and all other spiritual virtues and perfections; all except the station of prophethood which is particular to the Prophet Mu9ammad (N).