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Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam NOTES AND REFERENCES Lecture I: Knowledge and Religious Experience [^1]: Reference here is to the following verse from the mystical allegorical work: ManÇiq al-ñair (p. 243, v. 5), generally considered the magnum opus, of one of the greatest sufi poets and thinkers Farâd al-Dân ‘AÇÇ«r’ (d.c. 618/1220): [^2]: A. N. Whitehead, Religion in the Making, p. 5. [^3]: Ibid., p. 73. [^4]: Cf. H. L.

Bergson, Creative Evolution, pp. 187-88; on this intuition-intellect relation see also Allama Iqbal’s essay: Bedil in the light of Bergson , ed. Dr Tehsin Firaqi, pp. 22-23. [^5]: Allahumm«arin« haq«’iq al-ashy«kam«hâya , a tradition, in one form or other, to be found in well-known Sufistic works, for example, ‘Alâb. ‘Uthm«n al-Hujwayrâ, Kashf al-MaÁjëb , p. 166; Mawl«n« Jal«l al-Dân Rëmâ, Mathnawâ-i Ma’nawâ , ii, 466-67; iv, 3567-68; v, 1765; MaÁmëd Shabistarâ (d.

720/1320), Gulshan-i R«z , verse 200, and ‘Abd al-RaÁm«n J«mâ (d. 898/1492), Law«’ih , p. 3. [^6]: Qur’an, 16:68-69. [^7]: Ibid., 2:164; 24:43-44; 30:48; 35:9; 45:5. [^8]: Ibid., 15:16; 25:6; 37:6; 41:12; 50:6; 67:5; 85:1. [^9]: Ibid., 21:33; 36:40. [^10]: Cf. F. M. Cornford: Plato’s Theory of Knowledge , pp. 29;109; also Bertrand Russell: History of Western Philosophy , chapter: ‘Knowledge and Perception in Plato’. [^11]: Qur’an, 16:78; 23:78; 32:9; 67:23. [^12]: Ibid., 17:36.

References here, as also at other places in the Lectures , to a dozen Quranic verses in two sentences bespeak of what is uppermost in Allama Iqbal’s mind, i.e. Quranic empiricism which by its very nature gives rise to a Weltanschauung of the highest religious order.

He tells us, for example, that the general empirical attitude of the Qur’a`n engenders a feeling of reverence for the actual and that one way of entering into relation with Reality is through reflective observation and control of its perceptually revealed symbols (cf. below, pp. 11-12, italics mine; also Lecture V, p. 102, not 9). [^13]: For anti-classicism of the Qur’an cf. Mazheruddân Âiddiqâ, Concept of Muslim Culture in Iqbal , pp. 13-25; also Lecture V, note 21. [^14]: See R. A.

Tsanoff, The Problem of Immortality (a work listed at S. No. 37 in the Descriptive Catalogue of Allama Iqbal’s Personal Library ), pp. 75-77; cf. also B. H. Zedler, ‘Averroes and Immortality’, New Scholasticism (1954), pp. 436-53. It is to be noted that Tsanoff marshals the views of S.