When the Jews sought negotiations...

When the Jews sought negotiations, he (S) dealt harshly with them, to such an extent that he banished some of them from their lands[^10] and after disarming them, he let their wives and children go[^11], however he ordered the killing of some others who has broken their covenant and had cooperated with the enemy[^12]... The Prophet (S) displayed forbearance and leniency with the Quraysh in the Treaty of Hudaybiyya[^13].

He accepted their conditions and even accepted some of the conditions that his companions and commanders deemed to be against the interest of the Muslims[^14], and went ahead to sign the treaty[^15]. In this way and in order to attain the actual goals, the Prophet (S) would obtain victory through harsh measures at certain times and through leniency and tolerance in other situations[^16].

c) Designing a Program in order to Know the Enemy The Prophet (S) would, at the outset, study the enemy and ways of countering them. The Quraysh were people who had forced him to leave his home and were determined to fight against him uncompromisingly[^17]. The Prophet (S) also began preparing forces and weapons in order to counter them[^18] and faced them in a number of battles[^19], and in the end he eventually gained victory and they submitted to his wishes.

However, with regards to the Jews, when they showed their enmity by breaking the covenant [they had made with him][^20] and took up arms against him, he was forced to fight them or banish them from their lands[^21]. It was at this time [and for this reason] that the first battle against them took place.

With regards to the other Arab tribes, however, he only entered into battle against them when they were the instigators[^22] or when they attempted to wage war against Madina and invade it with their armies[^23]. Taking this into consideration, he only faced the enemy tribes and dealt with them the way they deserved to be dealt with[^24].

As for Rome, he (S) saw it as a grave threat in the way of the Islāmic Revolution, especially since they possessed vast resources and had a lot of political influence in the Arabian provinces[^25]. Despite this, the Prophet (S) delayed military action against them until an appropriate time and enough preparations had been made to come face to face with the Roman army. For this reason, he did not enter into intense and decisive battles with them as he had done with his previous enemies [i.e.