It means Muhammad, Ali and their Ahlul Bayt (a.

Certainly Allah was well pleased with the believers when they swore allegiance to you under the tree… (Surah Fath 48:18) Ibne Mahyar has narrated that Jabir asked Imam Baqir (a.s.): How many people had taken the oath of allegiance? He said: They were 1200. Jabir asked if Ali was also from that group.

He replied: Yes, in fact he was their leader and chief.[^1] [^1]: The writer says: This refers to the allegiance of Rizwan which took place in the Umrah of Hudaibiyah and the Holy Prophet (S) set out with the intention of Umrah and the Quraysh stopped him and did not allow him to enter Mecca. The Prophet (S) sent a message through Uthman but it was rumoured that infidels have captured him.

So the Prophet (S) gathered his companions under a thorny or a berry tree and took allegiance from them, that they would fight the unbelievers of Quraysh, and not run away. At that time this verse was revealed. Then the Hazrat said that Allah was pleased with the believers, thus the hypocrites were excluded, and the first and the second (caliph) and people like them are not included in this verse.

Allah says in the same Surah: Therefore whoever breaks (his faith), he breaks it only to the injury of his own soul, and whoever fulfills what he has covenanted with Allah, He will grant him a mighty reward. (48:10). Ali Ibne Ibrahim said that this verse was revealed after verse 18, thus the pleasure of Allah depends on the condition that the oath is not broken.

So those who broke the oath of the day of Ghadeer and snatched the right of Ahlul Bayt (a.s.) and refused the ‘Nass’ of the Holy Prophet (S) have all become infidels. They are not included in this verse of Rizwan. Other points on this topic shall be discussed later on in some other book, Insha-Allah. Previous…