For example...

For example, to know whether heat is the main factor in the expansion of a piece of metal, a scientist can repeat the experiment on different metals, such as iron or copper, and can prove that the main cause of expansion in metals is heat. How The Method of Experiment Was Founded In The 17th Century In the Middle Ages, the Church had tremendous power in Europe.

Scientific research and discussions and in fact reading any reports of scientists of that era was totally forbidden by Church leaders throughout Europe. It was also forbidden to reason and discuss, and they wanted human beings to forget that they possessed brains and intellects, and wanted them to convince themselves only by what they could find in the divine book and what they could comprehend with their external senses. But even through this restricted way, science made itself known.

The searchers of the truth thought it was better just to observe nature and its effects. This occupation was not forbidden by the church leaders and therefore was not dangerous, because in their opinion, it was better than attacking Ptolemy's theories. They observed how the matters in nature worked and there was no harm to the church in counting the stars.

Bacon: The Famous English Philosopher's Methods A young researcher named Francis Bacon used to think that the methods which were taught at that time in the universities belonged to the olden days and that those methods could not convince students. They never spent any time on experiments or observation. Throughout his lifetime Bacon, although busy with various jobs, considered the introduction of new methods of science to be an important duty.

In two of his famous books, one which concerned the progress and value of science and another, called New Organ , Bacon attempted to attract the attention of people to scientific research by experiment. Bacon's method was to collect as many facts as possible about a given thing, and then evaluate and classify them.

In every case, he conducted different experiments and reached the result in accordance with their qualities and divided them into different groups in a table called "attendants” and another one of "absents", and he called them the graded table. By this grading, classification and levelling he formed several rules. Previous…