ISTIDLAL: to use an argument or proof in establishing a point or hypothesis.

ISTIDLAL: to use an argument or proof in establishing a point or hypothesis. ISTIHALAH: Impossibility; the opposite of imkan (possibility). ISTINBAT: to delve into or penetrate a matter with the view of inferring a new idea or 'principle. JUZ': part or part of a whole; used also philosophically to refer to particulars, in contrast with universals, cf. kull KATHRAH: multiplicity or variety; opposite of wahdah ( unity).

KHILAFAH: representation of succession; more technically, the term is used to refer to the temporal authority of the Prophet's successors, caliphs. KULL: lit., all; philosophically used to mean 'whole' or universals, in contrast with juz ' (particulars). MA`AD: lit., return; the return of the soul to God who is its source of being (mabda'); generally, the Day of Resurrection. MA'LUL: effect; a philosophical term used to signify the effect of a cause; cf. 'illah.

, MANTIQ: lit., speech; philosophically used to mean logic. AL-MANTIQ AS-SURI ASH-SHAKLI: formal logic. NASS : text transmitted or dictated, or statement establishing a principle; specifically, the appointment of the imams by the Prophet. SHARI`AH: lit., highway; it is the way to follow as stipulated by sacred law of Islam. SUNNAH ( pl.

sunan ) : trodden path, way or example, when referring to the sunnah of the Prophet; custom, when referring to cultural patterns; universal law when referring to natural phenomena. TA'AKHKHUR: posteriority or . that which succeeds something else; specifically, the posteriority of the effect to the cause; opposite of taqaddum (priority). TAHRIF: deviation or alteration; specifically, alteration of the earlier scriptures.

TAQADDUM: priority or something proceeding something else; specifically, priority of the cause to the effect; opposite of ta'akhkhur (posteriority). TARAKKUB: compositeness; opposite of simplicity, specifically used to distinguish the composite temporal from the simple eternal being. TAWHID: Divine Oneness; specifically, the profession of the Oneness of God. WAHDAH: unity; specifically of being or the universe, being the source of kathrah ( multiplicity), which is its opposite.

WIJDAN: feeling, sentiment or conscience; the source of the unconscious reactions of a human being to his environment. WUJUD: existence or being, signifying being not as an abstract principle, but a dynamic force or presence; opposite of 'adam (non-being)…