wali ) is any of the dead person’s heirs...

wali ) is any of the dead person’s heirs, such as father, son, brother, or husband, each ranking in special order. It is obligatory to dig up the grave of a believer who has been buried: (1) in a usurped place, (2) with an illegally-gotten shroud, (3) before performing one of the ritual ablutions, camphorating, or shrouding, (4) in a non-Muslim cemetery, (5) in a disrespectful place, or (6) in a place other than what was willed by him/her.

In all these cases, it is an obligation to disinter the corpse, resolve the shortcomings, and bury it in a suitable place. It is obligatory to intend seeking nearness to God Almighty (i.e. niyyat al-qurbah ) in all devotional acts. This means that the only motive driving one towards doing an act of worship must be the intention of seeking nearness to God only, without adding any other intention to this act.

For achieving the required intention of seeking nearness to God the Almighty in doing any devotional act, any of the following purposes is adequate; though some are better than others: To comply with God’s command. To attain spiritual nearness to Him. Because He is worthy of worship. To thank Him for His bounties. To acquire His love and satisfaction. Because of understanding the good in the deed itself. To be allowed Paradise in the Next World. To be saved from Hellfire in the Next World.

To acquire the worldly blessings of God. To escape worldly calamities. The best of all these intentions is the fifth item, then the third, and the lowest intention is the last. It is an emphasized obligation to perform the five daily ritual prayers— fajr (between false dawn and sunrise) prayer, ¨uhr (midday) prayer, ‘asr (afternoon) prayer, maghrib (nightfall) prayer, and ‘isha’ (early night) prayer—each in its own specified time, meeting all given conditions.

It is forbidden to refrain from performing any of these prayers or from performing them in their times. It is emphatically obligatory upon the supreme religious authority of Muslims ( wali al-amr ) or the leader of Friday Prayers appointed by him to hold the congregational Friday Prayers and invite people to participate as long as the prayer conditions are met. It is optional to choose between performing the ritual Noon Prayer and the congregational Friday Prayer.

It is obligatory to present oneself in the congregational Friday Prayers when the call to join these prayers is heard and when the conditions of holding them are fully met.