It is thus obligatory to learn the parts...

It is thus obligatory to learn the parts, conditions, and impediments of devotional acts deemed obligatory by religious law, such as prayer ( salat ), fasting ( sawm ), poor-rate ( zakat ), pilgrimage ( hajj ), atonements ( kaffarah ), and so on. The parts of prayer, for example, include takbirat al-ihram (i.e. to say allahu-akbar as the exordial statement of prayer), ruku’ (bowing down), sujud (prostrating), and other acts.

Its conditions include purity of body and dress, minor ablution ( wudhu’ ), facing the qiblah direction, and other things. The nullifying matters of ritual prayers include talking (during the prayer), eating, and so on. Similarly, the parts of ritual hajj (pilgrimage to the Holy House in Mecca) are ihram (i.e. entering into a state of consecration by putting the uniform of hajj and refraining from doing certain things), wuquf (halting on Mount ‘Arafat on certain days), tawaf…