'Amr ibn al-'As cunningly suggested that they should both...

'Amr ibn al-'As cunningly suggested that they should both reject 'Ali and Mu'awiyah as caliph so that the Muslims could then vote to choose anyone they wished as caliph. Abu Muss accepted the proposal and was asked by 'Amr ibn al-'As to climb the pulpit and declare the denouncement. He did so. But when 'Amr ibn al-'As climbed the pulpit, contrary to their agreement, he denounced 'Ali and nominated Mu'awiyah as caliph. Abu Musa rose in anger of 'Amr ibn al-'As's trickery and began to abuse him.

'Amr ibn al-'As was ready to retaliate. In this way Mu'awiyah was chosen as caliph. In Ramadan of the year 40 of the Hijrah, the sword of 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muljam split the Imam's forehead, who died after three days. The Emigrants Ansar and other Muslims except the people of ash-Sham swore allegiance to Imam al-Hasan a1-.Mujtaba, but eventually failed to support him against Mu'awiyah, and showed such weakness that evil intentions of Mu'awiyah were carried out without any serious confrontation.

In that year which was named "Am al-Jama'ah" Mu'awiyah sat on the seat of caliph, and ruled some nineteen years. He died in Rajab of the year 60 and was buried in Damascus. Abu Sufyan and Hind Controversy over the true identity of Mu'awiyah's father On his father's side Mu'awiyah is related to four persons. az-Zamakhshari Mu'awiyah's father was Abu Sufyan, Sakhr ibn Harb ibn Umayyah ibn 'Abd Shams, and his mother was Hind, daughter of 'Utbah ibn Rabj'ah ibn 'Abd Shams.

Hind's first marriage was with a1- Fakah(7), son of al-Mughayrah of the Banu Makhzum tribe, who was killed in the district of al- Ghamisa'(8) After the death of al-Fakah Hind married Hafs, another son of alMughayrah, who died sometime after. So for the third time she married Abu Sufyan.(9) Some historical texts have described her marriages at a greater length, and said that al-Fakah Hind's first husband, suspected her of adultery.

So he separated from her since he could not tolerate the disgrace.(10) Other historians believe that Hind had won notoriety in Mecca for illegitimate acts and adultery.(11) But concerning Hind's marriage with Abu Sufyan they write that Musafir ibn 'Amr, who was of the Umayyads, was so deeply in love with Hind that everyone suspected an affair between them.

Hind became pregnant from him and when people came to notice this Musafir ibn 'Amr fled from Mecca and went to an-Nu'man ibn al-Mundhir, the well-known Arab king of Hira, to beg his aid.