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Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Al-nass Wel-ijtihad Chapter Six the Violations of Moawiya Joining Ziyad to Abu Sufyan (as a son) Ziyad was an illegitimate son of Sumayya, with whom Abu Sufyan (Moawiyas father) had committed adultery while she was the wife of Ubayd.

When Moawiya became the caliph, he announced that Ziyad was the son of Abu Sufyan according to a witness offered by Abu Maryam, the vintner and the pimp.[1] The Prophet (s) had said: The child is to the bed and the stone is to the adulteress.[2] The Prophet (s) had also said: He, who does something contrary to our religion, is apostate. It suffices us that Allah has said: Call them by (the names of) their fathers: that is more equitable in the sight of Allah.

Qur'an, 33:5 This doing of Moawiya was the first doing of the pre-Islamic age that was applied openly in Islam. All the Muslims denied that but Moawiya did not pay any attention and he became indifferent to them. In fact he often became angry when Ziyad was not called by the name of Abu Sufyan until one of his coevals said to him: Do you become angry when it is said that your father is chaste while you become delighted when it is said he is an adulterer? *** [1] Al-Mukhtasar by ibn Shuhna.

[2] It means that the illegitimate child is to be ascribed to the husband, on whose bed his wife has committed adultery, while the adulterous wife must be stoned. Entrusting his son Yazeed with the caliphate Moawiya had entrusted his son Yazeed with the caliphate while he was yet ignorant young boy drinking wine and playing with dogs and monkeys. He had not known anything of the religion.

Yazeed was too excessive in corruption and his father Moawiya knew that well and he also knew well the high position of Imam Husayn (s) near Allah and His messenger (s) and inside the hearts of the believers. At that time there were still many of the first Muslims of the Muhajireen and the Ansar, of those who had participated in the battle of Badr and those who had participated in the homage of ar-Radhwan.

Among them were many reciters of the Qur'an and many jurisprudents who were aware of the divine verdicts and the affairs of politics, the caliphate and the rule; nevertheless Moawiya did not pay any attention to their precedence in Islam nor to their great jihad in supporting the religion.