not moved by the general interests, and love for advising the Muslims.

not moved by the general interests, and love for advising the Muslims. Accordingly, they lost the bargain and their efforts were in vain. That was when Imam Ali (a.s) became a caliph. The pivot on which his policy turned was following the religion, and acting according to the Islamic principles, which did not accept, under all circumstances, to grant offices due to selfishness and favoritism, for that is regarded as a treason toward the community.

The Imam has explained the reasons that urged him not to appoint them as governors over the two cities as follows: They would attract the fool through advantages and ambitions. They would shower the weak with torture and affliction. They would selfishly use their influence and authority and have power through them over the strong. As Imam Ali came to know these objectives, he did not appoint them as governors over the Muslims and make them behave freely in the Muslims’ properties and blood.

Shafeeq Jabri has criticized the Imam for that and regarded their being deprived of authority as a mistake made by him, according to his cheap statement.[^1] Most surely Shafeeq Jabri has believed in the western policy, which regards all means lawful for reaching the rule even if they are unlawful. As for Islam, it does not accept such a policy at all. It has built its creative policy on believing in human’s rights, avoiding cunning and deception even if victory and success depend on them.

Ali bin Abi Talib, the pioneer of the great social justice in the earth, followed this just policy. There is no relationship between the policy that kings and those who love kingdom and authority have followed and the Imam. It does not agree with his high objectives.

The Imam (a.s) has explained the reasons for that, saying: “Were it not for fear of Allah and piety, I would be the most cunning of the Arabs.” Fear of Allah and piety stood before him and prevented him from following any way the Islamic law does not accept. Besides, the interest required that he had not to appoint Talha and al-Zubayr as governors over Basra and Kufa. They had therein two parties and followers. The Imam was sure that their influence would include all the Islamic state.

Anyway, when Talha and al-Zubayr came to know that they lost their hope and that they would win no place in the then government, they went to Imam [^1] Al-‘Anasir al-Nafsiya. Many authors have discussed Shafeeq’s wrong viewpoints.