The first caliph of Islam...

The first caliph of Islam, Abu Bakr, when elected as Amir Ul Mumeneen in Madina, said “The weak shall be strong in my eyes until I restore to them their rights and the strong shall be weak in my eyes until I have restored the rights of weak from them.”10 These rights cannot be considered as the products of socio-economic conditions as per Marxist or Freudian concepts. For both of these thinkers assume that man is the creation of his own complex ideas.

Life with human rights is the natural condition; they are innately needed by man in order to continue on the path towards perfection. Before determining the proper criteria of rights, two conditions concerning the nature of man and of rights should be visualized.11 The criteria for rights should be universal, and impartial with respect to color, caste and creed.

Now the only criteria we had to find is human conscience in the general sense which includes both moral and conscious awareness so that human beings should be conscious to preserve the rights of others in the community. Without consciousness, a body has no humanity. It is just like a piece of log for which there can be no hope for rights.12 The Muslim state was run by caliphs who were not monarchs trying only to satisfy themselves.

Rather, these caliphs were just rulers and advocates of divine law. They were totally against the dictatorship concept of rule. There was no concept of the English doctrine, "the King can do no wrong and is not liable to face justice.” In the Islamic political system, caliphs are themselves subject to the divine ruler (Allah).

In this regard, the Holy Quran says, “I seek refuge in the lord of mankind, the king of mankind the Allah of Mankind.”13 The great commander Khalid bin Walid once addressed the Romans who regarded their emperor as the king of kings by saying, "Your king may be like that, but our caliph, whom we have elected as such, if he thinks about the kingship even for a moment, he shall be deposed.”14 The Islamic judicial system is unique because justice is its core and no one can commit anything unjustly.

Once Hazrat Ali lost his armor which was later found with a Jew. The caliph complained in the court of justice against the Jew. The caliph Hazrat Ali brought his son Hazrat Hassan as witness in support of his case.