It is at this stage that he perceives that all else other than Allah...

It is at this stage that he perceives that all else other than Allah, according to their strength and weakness, have no independent effect in the destiny of man and it is the will of Allah which has penetration and appears in the causes and agents.

Abraham and Belief in the Unity of Divine Actions The best example of those who believe in the unity of divine actions and believe that the order of causes and effects is attached to the divine will and authority and have certitude that independent influencing is only a unique right especially confined to Allah, and do not take anyone save Allah as their safe haven and shelter, are the prophets (S) and frontrunners of religion.

Here, we will mention the most excellent role model of the monotheists, a man who feared no one in calling people to the divine path, and he was none other than Prophet Abraham ( ‘a ).

After resisting and not surrendering to the polytheists and idol-worshippers of Babylon, and after he had been breaking idols in their absence and after returning to their cities when they asked who had broken their idols, he used to engage in debate with them and used to prove as false and void their unfounded beliefs by means of sound and clear reasoning so much so that they did not have any response in the face of his strong logic and the only option they had was to throw him in the fire of their wrath: قَالُوا حَرِّقُوهُ وَانْصُرُوا الهَتکُمْ إِنْ کُنْتُمْ فَاعِلِين “They said: Burn him and help your gods, if you are going to do anything.” [^2] After that they gathered a lot of wood and cast him into the core of the fire.

At that moment, Prophet Abraham ( ‘a ) only set his attention on the divine Essence of Allah, to the extent that Imam al-Baqir ( ‘a ) states: On that day, Prophet Abraham ( ‘a ) only said, « يَا أَحَدُ يَا أَحَدُ يَا صَمَدُ يَا صَمَدُ يَا مَنْ لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ وَلَمْ يَکُنْ لَهُ کُفُوًا أَحَدٌ » “O One! O One! O Refuge! O Refuge!

O He who begets not, nor is He begotten, O He whom none is like [Him].” After that, he said, “I only rely on You.”[^3] He had so much faith in Allah and was so firm in his faith that he used to perceive his entire being as being in need of the divine Essence and did not ask any one for help, not even the angels in the proximity of Allah.

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