ভূমিকা

Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Dictionary of Islamic Philosophical Terms Sha sha'n Mode (Fazlur Rahman, Mulla Sadra, 108, line 27). (AnAc) shakhs A term used in logic to denote an individual, i.e. one member of the class. According to the Ikhwan al-Safa’ (q.v.), shakhs is also one of the predicables, the sixth besides the traditional five predicables (al-alfaz al-khamsah).

al-shartiyat al-muttasilah The conditional proposition consisting of two clauses or propositions called antecedent (muqaddam, q.v.) and consequent (tali, q.v.) related to each other conditionally like the statement: "If the sun shines, it is day"; corresponds to what is named as hypothetical propositions in modern logic. See also al-qadiyat al-shartiyah.

al-shartiyat al-munfasilah The conditional disjunctive proposition consisting of two clauses or propositions related to each other as two alternatives or disjunctives which mutually exclude each other like the statement: "Either this number is even, or it is odd"; corresponds to disjunctive proposition in modern logic. See also al-qadiyat al-shartiyah.

al-Shi‘r The Arabic title given to Aristotle's Poetica; generally considered, in the Arab logical tradition, to be the last part of his logical Organon (al-Arghanun, q.v.) dealing with the fine art of stirring the imagination and soul of the audience through the magic of words. See also Buyutiqa. (online text) shakl (pl. ashkal) "Figure" of a syllogism (qiyas, q.v.), i.e.

the form of a syllogism as determined by the position of the middle term (al-hadd al-ausat, q.v.) in the major and minor premises. Muslim philosophers following Aristotle recognized mostly only three figures; see below. al-shakl al-awwal The first figure of syllogism (qiyas, q.v.), i.e. the form of syllogism in which the middle term occurs as a subject in the first, i.e. the major premise and as a predicate in the second, i.e.

the minor premise; this is considered the perfect type of syllogism and Aristotle even included the moods (durub, q.v.) of the fourth figure in this form of syllogism. See also al-qiyas al-kamil. al-shakl al-thalith The third figure of syllogism, i.e. the form of syllogism in which the middle term occurs as subject in both of the premises. al-shakl al-thani The second figure of syllogism, i.e. the form of syllogism in which the middle term occurs as predicate in both of the premises.