ভূমিকা

Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Dictionary of Islamic Philosophical Terms Kaaf kubra The major premise in a syllogism (qiyas, q.v.); see al-muqaddamat al-kubra. Kitab al-Ustuqussat The Arabicised title of Euclid's geometrical work: the Elements in 13 books-first translated into Arabic in 214/829-30 by al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf ibn Matar (fl. 170-218/786-833) and then commented on severally by al-‘Abbas ibn Sa‘id al-Jauhari (fl. 198-218/813-33), al-Mahani (d.c. 261/874) and al-Nairizi (d.c.

310/922). See also Uqlidis. Kitab al-Huruf "Book of Letters", the title given by Muslim philosophers to Aristotle's 13 books (collectively) on metaphysics named as they are after the letters of Greek alphabet; see Matatafusiqi. Kitab al-Khair al-Mahd "The Book of Pure Good", one of the apocryphal works ascribed by Muslim philosophers to Aristotle.

The work is really based on Proclus’s "Elements of Theology" ; more exactly it contains two parts : the first is a summary of Proclus’s work and the second a short commentary on it. This work was later translated into Latin (Liber de Causis) and commented on by Albert the Great. It thus served one of the best vehicles for the transmission of Neoplatonic thought first to the Muslims and Jews and then to Christians. Karusfus Chrysippus (280-209 B.C.): Greek Stoic philosopher.

He was perhaps alone among the Stoics not to accept the typically Stoic doctrine of the unity of virtue. According to him, virtue is not natural to man, but is acquired through instruction and by practice. He also combined the Stoic principle of natural necessity or determinism with the doctrine of Providence. See also Rawaqiyah. Kisnufans Xenophanes (c. 570-c. 480 B.C.): Greek philosopher, a con temporary of Pythagoras (Fithaghuras, q.v.).

He defended theistic monism divested of anthropomorphic conceptions of God current in his time. Well-known for his saying: "The gods of the Ethiopians; are dark-skinned and snub-nosed; the gods of the Thracians are fair and blue-eyed; if oxen could paint, their gods would be oxen," An account of him in Arabic religio-philosophical literature is to be found in al-Shahrastani’s Kitab al-Milal wa'l-Nihal written in 625/1127-8. Kalbiyah Cynicism: a Greek school of ethics founded by Antisthenes (c.

444-368 B.C.). The Cynics taught that a good man is one who is independent of all external involvements such as family, wealth, happiness, etc.