between two contradictories such as between A and not-A or...

between two contradictories such as between A and not-A or between existence and non-existence; see also naqidan. taqaddum Antecedence or priority as opposed to consequence or posteriority (ta’akhkhur).

It is of various kinds: antecedence in time (taqaddum bi’l-zaman, q .v.); antecedence in order (taqaddum bi’l-martabah, q.v.); antecedence in status (taqaddum bi’l-sharf, q.v.); antecedence by nature or constitution (taqaddum bil’l-tab‘, q.v.); and antecedence in existence (taqaddum bi’l-dhat, q.v.). taqaddum bi’l-dhat Antecedence in existence so that the non-existence of the antecedent necessarily leads to the non-existence of the consequent but no the…