between body and soul or between the physical world and the...

between body and soul or between the physical world and the world of intelligences; hence the expression al-‘uqul al-mufariqah for separated intelligences (see al-‘uqul al-‘asharah). al-fasl al-khass Lit. "particular difference"; technically it is the difference necessarily associated with the inseparable accident of a class, e.g. blackness of crows. fasl khass al-khass Lit. "difference which is particular of the particular" ; technically differentia proper, i.e.

the attribute or attributes which a species (nau‘, q.v.) possesses in addition to the attributes of its genus (jins, q.v.), e.g. the rationality of man in addition to his animality. al-fasl al-‘amm Lit. "common difference"; technically the separable accident which allows some members of a class to differ from other members of that class, e.g.

the or fat dogs from the black or lean dogs; it equally allows a thing to differ from itself at different times and as such is true of everything which grows and decays. fitrah Nature. (AnAc) See the Qur'anic ayah Fitrat Allah al-Lati Fatrah an-Nasi alyaha.(...Nature of Allah on which He created humanity...)(30:30) fitri Innate. (AnAc) fi‘l Lit.

"action"; in logic, sometimes also termed as yaf‘al (to act), it is one of the ten Aristotelian categories (al-maqulat al-‘ashr, q.v.) as opposed to infi‘al (q.v.) or yanfa‘il (q.v.) which is the category of passion. "Action" in this particular sense means affecting a thing that receives an effect, e.g. heating something while "passion" would be being heated, or cutting something while "passion" would be being cut.

In metaphysics fi‘l is act or actuality and as such is not opposed to infi‘al but to quwwah, i.e. to potentiality. Fi‘l-a‘yan In the external world. See a‘yan. (AnAc) Flatinus Plotin or Plotinus (c. 203-170 C.E.)-a variant of Fulutin (q.v.)-the founder and greatest expositor of Neoplatonism. See also al-Shaikh al-Yunani and al-Aflatuniyat al-Muhdathah. al-falsafat al-ula "First philosophy", a name used by Aristotle and, following him, by Muslim Peripatetics for metaphysics, i.e.

for the study of "Being as such" or the first principles and essential attributes of Being. See also Matatafusiqi. falsafah-i Yamani “The Yamani philosophy”, an expression used more particularly by Mir Baqir Damad (d. 1041/1631), one of the exponents of al-hikmat al-ishraqiyah (q.v.).