ভূমিকা

Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Dictionary of Islamic Philosophical Terms Haa al-hass al-‘amm A term used by al-Khawarizmi to denote common sense. See also al-hiss al-mushtarik. hashiyatain Lit. "two margins or limits"; technically the term denotes the doctrine of the philosophers, particularly that of Mulla Sadra, according to which all existents have "two limits", one towards the Necessary Being (al-wajib al-wujud, q.v.) and the other towards the prime matter (hayula, q.v.).

See also al-Shaikh al-Yunani (Plotinus) in whom we already meet a similar view about existents. hal An intermediate "mode of existence", between being and non-being. In tasawwuf the term denotes an instantaneous trans-temporal mystical state by which a Sufi is seized in the act of encounter with a "favour" or grace from God.

hujjat al-Islam "The convincing proof of Islam”, the honorific title given to the greatest theologian of Islam, Imam al-Ghazali (450-505/1058-1111), one of the greatest and most original thinkers, not only in the history of Muslim philosophy but in the history of human thought.

This title befits him most because of his defense of the teachings of Islam through a remarkable criticism of the Muslim Peripatetic philosophers in his celebrated work: Tahafut al-Falasifah (The Incoherence of the Philosophers). Links: Ghazali's Site. hadd A term, i.e. word or combination of words, which by itself can be used as a subject (maudu‘, q.v.) or a predicate (mahmul, q.v.) of a logical proposition (qadiyah, q.v.); also the definition of a term. See also the various kind of hadd.

al-hadd al-asghar The minor term, i.e. the term which is used as a subject in the conclusion of a syllogism (qiyas, q.v.). al-hadd al-akbar The major term, i.e. the term which is used as predicate in the conclusion of a syllogism (qiyas, q.v.). al-hadd al-ausat The middle term; the term which is common to the two premises in a syllogism and functions as a uniting link between them; it is, however, absent from the conclusion.

al-hadd al-tamm The complete definition of a thing consisting of its proximate genus and differentia, e.g. the definition of man as a rational animal; also called al-hadd al-kamil. hads The capacity of the mind to draw immediate inferences from the data presented to it or to see through a kind of mental illumination the necessary connection between premises and conclusion. al-hadd ghair al-muwati The syncategorematic word, i.e.