The gist of his view is regarding the benefits that society will enjoy...

The gist of his view is regarding the benefits that society will enjoy, which possesses these four pillars. If an individual bears these four attributes, he is a leader and if a leader is devoid of any one of these four traits, he will no longer remain a leader. Similarly, a society that has all of these four qualities prevalent in it can Also known as Mulla Sadra, the great Iranian philosopher er societies.

Lastly, if these four elements are found in the world, the entire humanity will move towards perfection and the state of affairs shall enjoy considerable desirability. This thought, as discussed briefly, perhaps may have its roots in divine religions but philosophical schools have also endorsed it. The Zoroastrians view the future as positive, labeling it as 'the victory of Ahura Mazda's army over the forces of Ahreman (devil)'.

In Hinduism too the future is considered to be bright and prosperous. Last, but not the least, even the materialist schools of thought, headed by Marxism, foresees the future to be better than the past, albeit using different terms like single family patterns, co-operative ownership, joint government, etc. Anyhow, they never opine that the future is doomed.

Rather, they suggest that future will tread the path of perfection but there are differences in the interpretation of the term 'perfection', some of which we have already hinted at above3. Thus, we must accept this as a principle. Regardless of the sect that we belong to Shias, Sunnis, or any other faction of humanity, we must look at the future positively and search for the basis of this positive outlook.

Basically, due to his humanity, man feels a sense of responsibility and accountability, which persuades and coaxes him to search and investigate. Had the future been damned, there would be no incentive for the scientists to seek and spread science. The same would apply for the reformers, philosophers and all other advocates of some thought or science.

For, the research and investigation of all these scholars is based on the fact that they consider the future to be positive and the way to reach to this zenith is this particular way. Thus, had there been no peak to attain, there would be no need for any guidance or leadership. This is basic principle and we Shias among the followers of all sects and schools of thought, hold our heads high and declare that we subscribe to such a creed. That is, we consider the future to be positive.