ভূমিকা

Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books The Life of Imam Muhammad Ibn 'ali Al-baqir (a.s) CHAPTER IX: THE TIME OF IMAM AL-BAQIR As for the talk about the time of Imam Abu Ja‘far (al-Baqir), peace be on him, and mentioning the most prominent events that occurred during it, they are numbered, according to modern studies, among methodical researches of which the researcher is in need.

For studying a certain time has a strong effect on discovering the behavior of the person on whom the research is done, and on understanding his cultural and social qualities. The time of Imam al-Baqir, peace be on him, was the most critical and sensitive of all the Islamic times. For many Islamic sects grew during it. They were among the most dangerous intellectual and social phenomena at that time.

Besides the political parties attacked each other to the extent that they stopped Islam from spreading and deviated it from its way to another way without a ray of light and awareness. However, we will talk about all the aspects of life at that time. We will leave none of them. That is as follows: The Islamic Sects At that time many Islamic sects grew. Some of them grew, as the researchers said, according to the command and support of the Umayyad government. There were several reasons for that.

The most important one of them was that the Umayyad government wanted these sects to support it and to justify its attitude and its tendencies. We will briefly mention some of these sects. We will be honest to the truth as far as possible. The Mu‘tazilites The Mu‘tazilites played a dangerous role in the history of the intellectual and social life at that time. They left far-range effects on the intellectual Islamic life.

Among them was the foundation of the ideological bases on which Sunni theology stood.[^1] Cold Zihar thought that the Mu‘tazilites were the first to enter and maintain the rational tendency.[^2] It is necessary for us to give a brief idea about the history of the Mu‘tazilites, their beliefs, and the attitude of Imam al-Baqir, peace be on him, towards their leaders.

The History of the Mu‘tazilites Zahdi Jar Allah thought that the theological school of the Mu‘tazilites started in the beginning of the second history A. H. That was in the city of Basrah, which was the center of knowledge and literature in the Islamic state.[^3] However, this school, as a political movement, was founded before this date.