He then became one of the chiefs of the Fatahiyyah sect.

He then became one of the chiefs of the Fatahiyyah sect. [^48] The Shi'a scholars argue about the authenticity of Ammar. Sheikh Tousi (died in 460 A.H) asserted: "Narrations that are narrated only by Ammar Ibn Musa can not be relied upon."[^49] Thus, one of the sciences of Hadith is the study of different sects amongst the Shi'a. Defamation of narrators Another reason for regarding some Ahadith as weak is defamation of some narrators.

Scholars of the sciences of Hadith rely on the testimony of the early scholars about the narrators. For instance, if al-Najashi (died in 450 A.H) testifies the justice of a narrator we consider him just and rely on his narration. Unfortunately, however, some books were fabricated and related to the early Shi'a scholars in which many Shi'a narrators are regarded unjust. An example of such books is the book of 'al-Dho'afa (the weak narrators).

This book is claimed to be compiled by al-Ghadha'eri; al-Husain Ibn Abdullah; one of the Shi'a scholars died in 411 A.H, or by his son; Ahmad Ibn al-Husain. If the book is truly related to them, then many Ahadith become weak. The scholars however disagree as whether the book is truly compiled by al-Ghada'eri or his son or it is a fabrication to detest many Shi'a narrators. Narrating from the Sunnis The Hadith narrated from the unreliable Sunni sources [^50] are not reliable.

Sadly, often the Shi'a scholars have quoted some Ahadith form the Sunni books without any comments on them or unknowingly have formed an opinion based on the Sunni Ahadith. For instance, the eminent Shi'a scholar of the 5th century; Sheikh Tousi in his interpretation of the Quran; al-Tebyan under the Ayah 11-16 of Surah 24 narrated the myth concerning the accusation of the hypocrites towards Aisha from the Sunni sources without any comments.

Similarly, Sheikh Mahdi Naraqi (died in 1209 A.H) in his book 'Jame' Sa'adat' quoted some Hadith from 'Ehya'o Oloome Din' written by al-Ghazali; the famous Sunni Sufi (died in 505 A.H). Finally Mohaddeth al-Noori (died in 1320 A.H) formed a wrong opinion concerning the perversion of the Quran based on many unreliable Ahadith he quoted from the Sunni books. [^51] al-Taqiyyah (Protection( Al-Taqiyyah (protection) is a Quranic principle that the Shi'a believe in.

There are quite a number of Ahadith that are expressed by the Imams of Ahlul-Bayt (a.s) with the intention of protecting the Shi'a.