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Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Light On the Muhammadan Sunnah Or Defence of the Hadith Aspects of Preponderance Contain Contradiction: Al-Allamah al-Shaykh Jamal al-Din al-Qasimi, in his book Qawa’id al-tahdith, says: “Whoever looks into conditions of the and Followers, and their followers, will verily find them concurrent upon acting according to the preponderant rule and abandoning the preponderated.

The ways of preponderation are so many, and pivot of preponderation would increase the investigator in strength of his insight, in a proper manner congruent to the legal channels, the product of which will be valid and preponderant.

And preponderation can be got through the isnad, and the text, and the denotation, and an external aspect.” Then he cited many aspects and factors of preponderation according to the isnad (chain of transmission), of which I state the following: Preponderation by abundance of narrators: Al-Karkhi said: They are equivalent, and there may be a reliable narrator who was equal to a thousand thiqah (trustworthy) men, as said in regard of Shu’bah ibn al-Hajjaj that he was compared to two hundred men.

Also the used to give priority to narration of al-Siddiq over others. Preponderating the narration of the faqih, since he being better knowledgeable of the denotations of words. Preponderating the narration of that who being more authentic and better in memorizing. One of them being one of the Four Caliphs not the other. When the reliability of one of them be established through exculpation (tazkiyah), and the other by external aspect only.

Priority of the narration of that who was not disapproved over narration of that who was disapproved. Priority of narration of that who was more known of reliability and trustworthiness than the other, as this can prevent falsity. On the other side, the preponderation in consideration of other factors: Priority should be given to what was supported by another evidence over that which was not supported.

Priority should be given to the narration that was applied in practice by the ancestors over that one which was not followed, as the former is more entitled to be correct. If one of them be in agreement with the acts of the Four Caliphs. The one that be more similar to the exterior of the Qur’an should be given priority.