Moreover many of those who enjoyed the Prophet's company apostatized...

Moreover many of those who enjoyed the Prophet's company apostatized, and had not the resolution of Abu Bakr and acuteness of Umar and those who supported them from among the best of the Sahabah been there, the edifice of Islam would have been subverted while being still in the bud.

Because of this, the chiefs of , like Abu Bakr, Umar and Ali were never approving of any of the Sahabah — even their magnates — even one hadith but only when introducing a witness confirming his hearing it from the Prophet, or swearing that he learnt it from him.

Had they all been immune against error and falsity — as said about them — the narration of every one of them would have been approved by these great caliphs, when religion be in prime of life and signposts be evident — with no need for any witness or oath, especially it was them who learnt religion orally from their Prophet — with the light of Prophethood still shining inside their hearts.

That who intends to study history of Islam as it is in truth, has to be acquainted with the conditions of the Arabs in general in the pre-Islamic era, particularly the disagreement that occurred between the Hashimites and Umayyads in the Jahiliyyah period, 497 that extended till the time of Islam.

Further he has to have knowledge of the quarrels that took place between the since the time of Uthman, and the battles occurred between Ali and Mu'awiyah, whose warriors both being mostly of the Sahabah. Also of what happened between the Umayyads and Abbasids, and between the Prophet (S) and the Jews, and the grudge and hatred harboured in the hearts of the followers of other religions and other communities against Islam.

It is truly a must for everyone intending to be aware of the right history of Islam, to have full knowledge of all these matters, so that to see new prospects before him from which emanates strong light showing the right way to analyze the events honestly, and account for the mishaps properly. All these facts had undoubtedly effective role in forming the Islamic history and the superstitions foisted into tafsir of the Qur'an, and the traditions ascribed falsely to the Prophet.

We are informed by history that as the Messenger of Allah (S) was about to depart this world, the rancour harboured inside the hearts of the Umayyads against the Hashimites, that was disguised under the cover of Islam at times, showed itself.