But adalah alone is not enough...

But adalah alone is not enough, and regarding the description of which there was much disagreement till saying: "It is difficult to be acquainted with depicting of adalah not to say determining its limits." There was extensive debate regarding this matter, which is out of scope here.

They defined the dabit (corrector) 507 in riwayah as that who commits less mistakes in narration, and other than him as that who commits more mistakes 508 and fancy, whether this being due to weakness in his ability, or failure in his strival and diligence.

For the corrector they gave numerous traits to which we cannot refer now, 509 as adalah and exactitude each having high, middle and low ranks, the combination of which constitutes degrees for hadith differing in respect of strength and weakness. 510 Thiqah (trustworthy) is that who possesses both adalah and exactitude, and it is not necessarily that whatever reported by the precise memorizer should be correct, due to possibility of his erring in some places.

Further, not whatever reported by other than the precise memorizer is necessarily wrong as he be right in many places. The intelligent wise man has to endeavour and do his best to realize the correct aspects of every group so as to adopt them. Abu Rafi' was bondman (mawla) of the Messenger of Allah, and his name was Aslam. He was owned by al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, who freed and granted him to the Messenger of Allah.

It was him who made the pulpit (minbar) for the Prophet from the forest tamarisk. And Salma, the bondwoman of the Messenger of Allah, was the wife of Abu Rafi', for whom she gave birth to Ubayd Allah ibn Abi Rafi', the scribe of al-Imam Ali (peace be upon him). Al-Shi'ah wa funun al-Islam, by al-Sayyid Hasan al-Sadr (one of ulama' of Iraq - Irfan Press, Seida, 1331. See p. 56. I have cited previously the hadith of Sahifah among the ahadith I inferred to prove the narration on basis of meaning.

Tadrib al-rawi, p. 9. He died in 360 H. Ramhurmuz was a Persian region, and al-Ramhurmuzi's book is al-Muhaddith al-fasil bayn al-rawi wa al-wa'i, of which a manuscript is found in Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyyah. This knowledge was described by an honourable scholar thus: It is a mere conventional knowledge, that can be comprehended through strenuous exertion of memory, and deduced by power of remembrance.