ভূমিকা

Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Ahlul-bait (a.s.) in the Qur'an and the Prophet's Traditions (sunnah) A Look At the Islamic School, Jurisprudence During the days of the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.), Muslims used to receive the regulations and precepts concerning worship, dealings, and judgements and other social issues, from the Prophet, himself, and had no problem in understanding Islam and obtaining shari'ah laws and regulations.

After his demise, people used to refer to the Book of Allah and the traditions of His Prophet, deriving from them percepts, laws and religious situations, on the authority of the Prophet's Ahlul-Bait and those of the religious scholars of the companions who collectively agreed with the most learned among them, Imam Ali. The Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.) said: "I am leaving among you two precious things: The Book of Allah and my Progeny, my Household.

And indeed, Allah, the Benign, the All-Aware has told me that these (two) will never part with each other until they return to me at the Pool of 'Kawther' in Paradise." He (s.a.w.) also said: "The most learned among you, judicially, is Ali." After recognizing his knowledge concerning the Book of Allah and the Prophet's tradition.

A'isha, one of the Prophet's wives, describes him (Imam Ali) by saying: "He (Imam Ali) was the best informed, among the people, concerning the Prophet's traditions." Imam Ali was the final authority on deriving the Islamic rules and solving their problems.

As a result of what Islam caused of movements, and developments in the fields of society, state and the life of individuals, new issues and affairs concerning such fields appeared, and which later on, needed an organization, and a declaration of Islamic regulations.

An answer to those needs, the Islamic society witnessed a movement and a development in the fields of jurisprudence, legislation, the appearance of jurisprudence, and induction in a developed way, therefore, different schools, views and sects of jurisprudence appeared.

This happened in its distinguished form at the end of the first and second century of Higra (emigration) at the period of the two Imams, Muhammad al-Baqir and his son, Ja'far al-Sadiq, upon whom the narrators of Hadiths, jurisprudents, commentators, and others, witnessed their knowledge. For instance, Abu Hanifa, Malik and others studied at the hands of Imam Ja'far bin Muhammad al-Sadiq.